Factors That Influence Household And Individual Food Consumption Economics Essay

Elements That Influence Household And Individual Food Consumption Economics Essay This paper distinguishes the components that impact the family unit and individual food utilization. Since food is the most significant thing of the utilization container, an examination of the adjustments in food utilization design after some time has an exceptional centrality which is the most significant part for low and center salary gatherings. Food use design is a magnificent marker of monetary prosperity of individuals. Monetary Development isn't just realizes huge changes in the financial and social existence of a habitant populace however it additionally impacts the degrees of living over the long haul. India, a quick creating and agrarian predominant economy has been getting numerous progressions the financial existence of her populace since freedom. Catchphrase - Expenditure, Consumption Patterns, Food Consumption and Household Consumer Expenditure, Factors influencing food utilization design. Presentation: The examination of changing food utilization design after some time would help in planning fitting approaches identified with food creation and circulation .Increasing number of working ladies, ascend in per capita salary, changing ways of life and expanding level of prosperity in the center pay bunch have likewise realized changes in food propensities. Fast urbanization and sociological changes like the craving with respect to the housewives to invest less energy in kitchen, the expanded an incentive for relaxation, debilitating of family ties, expanded effect of TV and its notice just as changing ways of life of the families, have realized the adjustments in food utilization design. Since food is the most significant thing of the utilization container, an examination of the adjustments in food utilization design after some time has an uncommon centrality which is the most significant segment for low and center pay gatherings. Food consumption design is an astounding pointer of mone tary prosperity of individuals. In the event that the general public is well off proportionately high use will be made on auxiliary necessities, comfort, extravagance items and prominent utilization. On the other, if the general public is at means level, individuals will spend proportionately more on food. Engels law likewise expresses that the more unfortunate the family, the more prominent is the extent of its all out pay dedicated to arrangement of food. Monetary Development isn't just achieves huge changes in the financial and social existence of a habitant populace yet it likewise impacts the degrees of living over the long haul. India, a quick creating and agrarian predominant economy has been getting numerous progressions the financial existence of her populace since autonomy. Because of varieties in regular assets blessings; physical and climatic conditions; financial components like salary, costs and the degree of charge; segment factors like family unit size and level of urbanization and social elements are probably going to impact utilization use design. Such different financial, segment and social components are reflected in the imbalance in the conveyance of utilization use as it is uncovered by the national example review association information on utilization consumption in India. Food utilization has been a subject of research everywhere throughout the world. It is particularly significant in creating nations where food consumption represents a generally enormous portion of family unit salary. Studies on food utilization shed light on food related dietary approaches. They give assessments of how food utilization is influenced by change in costs, salary and tax assessment approaches ( Dune and Edkins 2005) The examinations on food utilization example or consumption design are significant as it is identified with neediness and standard of our general public. Food being the first fundamental need gets the need in the use of individuals, particularly the poor classes. It is important to contemplate the adjustment in food utilization design under the changing circumstance of advancement, privatization and globalization. After advancement started in 1991, however much consideration has been paid to the decrease in head check proportion, less need have been concurred to the size and example of food utilization. Beam and Lancaster (2005) have as of late indicated that the connection had debilitated to the degree that the official destitution line in India today is very conflicted in relation to that dependent on the family least calorie prerequisites. This requires an examination on the extent and pattern in food utilization, particularly oats, over the change time frame in India, taking into account their solid ramifications for food and sustenance protections. This investigation gives proof on the extent and examples in food utilization status of both country and urban populace. There is a solid sign that improvement in the degrees of living probably won't have been disseminated well and certain pockets of the states may have stayed ruined disregarding their general development. While examines flourish on the utilization use among country and urban family units for different use classes at large scale level, not many examinations have been done at small scale level to clarify the provincial urban contrasts in the utilization design. Per capita salary and food utilization both are the pointers of human turn of events however food utilization is a superior marker of human government assistance. Indias quicker financial development over 1990s has raised per capita salary (use) and has altogether affected its food utilization designs by causing an adjustment in the structure of food utilization designs watched before during pre-changes period. This raises the pertinence of taking a gander at the structure of Indias food utilization crate. Changes in the creation of food utilization consumption during the 1990s, including the move from oats to non-grain things against the foundation of a decrease in food use share, happened directly over the development range and raise the issue of the healthful ramifications of food things especially during post-changes period. Reason: The motivation behind this investigation of the writing was to figure out which elements impact family unit and individual food utilization. Writing Review: Various investigations have been made as of late on the patterns of destitution, imbalance and level of living in Indian states during the 1990s. Some have featured the decrease in destitution (Sundaram and Tendulkar 2003; Bhanumurthy and Mitra 2004), while some others have communicated anguish over the rising financial imbalance (Deaton and Dreze, 2002; Sen and Himanshu, 2004; Krishna, 2004).There is a typical inclination that in spite of the fact that there has been some general improvement in the normal degrees of living of individuals over most of states, the individuals who were at that point on a superior balance could procure the upsides of the monetary changes in the 90㠢â‚ ¬Ã¥ ¸s and experience quicker development, while there was no unmistakable improvement for the least fortunate few. Once more, the rustic - urban consumption hole, accepted to have extended additional time, needs fastidious investigation. Campbell (1960) led an overview and had given an examination between more seasoned people and more youthful people at indistinguishable salary level. More youthful individuals, at all pay level, spend more on garments, furniture and various things than more established individuals yet less on clinical consideration. David (1962) contemplates uncovered that the size of the family and recurrence of buying durables, sorts of tough bought and the replacement of durables for business administrations hampers the utilization example of families. Chatterjee (1962) on the premise on NSS utilization use information for provincial and urban territories and six zones has been assessed for versatilities on consumptions on food. Gupta(1968) has thought about the distinctions in by and large utilization designs in the territory of UP and Tamil Nadu for the explanation of their known and particular financial , social and social contrasts .The examination has presumed that there exist huge contrasts in purchaser consumption on different classifications of thing in those states as a rule just as likewise among country and urban districts in every one of two states. Kwang (1972) had broke down the impact of salary just as other monetary and social segment attributes on families utilization consumption fundamentally among various gatherings. Chatterjee Bhattacharya(1972) have developed lists of buyer value differential between the country regions of various conditions of India with NSS eighteenth round information. Rao(1977), in her investigation has attempted to distinguish a few measures at improvement so as to recognize in reverse locales and in this manner to analyze the patterns in entomb local and bury sectoral inconsistencies in India. The examination by Sarkar(1983) in view of NSS buyer consumption information for 13,16,21 28 rounds underpins the speculation that degree of living and use design varies over the states. Kumar and Aggarwal (2004) decided the degree of neediness in Delhi ghettos through utilization examples, business and instructive status of the ghetto populace. Variables THAT INFLUENCE FOOD CONSUMPTION: Salary: Salary is a significant methods for extending the scope of utilization choices, particularly as economies around the globe become progressively adapted. Salary enables individuals to purchase assorted, nutritious nourishments as opposed to eating just their own harvests, to pay for mechanized vehicle as opposed to strolling, to pay for medicinal services and training for their families, to pay for water from a tap as opposed to strolling for a long time to gather it from a well. The expanding reliance of much utilization on private pay implies that adjustments in pay impact changesâ · in utilization. At the point when wages rise consistently utilization ascends for a large portion of the populace. In any case, for a similar explanation, when livelihoods decrease, utilization additionally falls forcefully, with crushing ramifications for human prosperity. Segment Characteristics: The dem

Maya Angelou Essay Research Paper Example

Maya Angelou Essay Paper Maya Angelo Maya Angelo conceived Marguerite Ann Johnson on April 4, 1928 and brought up in SST. Lolls Missouri and Stamps, Arkansas Is an Author, extraordinary Poet, antiquarian, lyricist, and substantially more. She was the main dark lady executive in Hollywood and she likewise conveyed a sonnet at the introduction for president Bill Clinton at his solicitation approached The Pulse of The Morning. Maya Angelo likewise was a social liberties lobbyist who was lucky enough to have the option to work with DRP. Martin Luther King Jar. She is additionally known for the numerous books she has thought of one of the best ever Is l know why the age winged creature sings. (Www. Writers. Organization) In my dust Maya Angelo Is an overall extraordinary individual I think she has Inspired all of us in mama Poem 1 Is called Alone By Maya Angelo. The sonnet Alone is about it doesnt matter how much cash or anything you have you cannot accomplish something alone. Its likewise saying that everyone needs assistance with something that you cannot do everything without anyone else in the end you will require someone and their assistance. We will compose a custom exposition test on Maya Angelou Essay explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Maya Angelou Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Maya Angelou Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The sonnet starts to move when in the primary verse toward the start of the sonnet Its maxim how she was attempting to discover her OLL a home essentially saying she was distant from everyone else to the third refrain where It says that even tycoons with cash despite everything need assistance with something they cannot do it without anyone else despite the fact that they have costly specialists to fix their hearts, etc. (Www. Writers. Organization) Maya Angelo calls sonnet 2 Still I Rise. The sonnet Still I Rise is for the most part about her colloquialism that If you dont care for her she won't let that cut her down, and that the more you attempt to cut her down she will keep on rising. Shes likewise expressing that she doesnt care what they think about her she will keep on being her while taking a stab at the est. furthermore, discussing her disliking her doesnt trouble her she keeps on propping up at whatever shes doing not making a difference what you are attempting to do to damage or stop her or in any event, cut her down. The sonnet creatures to move beginning at the main refrain toward the start of the sonnet expressing that you can record her in history with your unpleasant, bent lies yet at the same time she rise which implies you can would what you like to her shes not going to let It stop her to the second verse where It says Does my gassiness upset you? Which essentially she Is asking does the manner in which she holds herself ND how and what she bothers them. (WV. Writers. Organization) Critics state Maya Angelo utilizes such a large number of past encounters when she keeps in touch with her sonnets. Another pundit says that she to some degree condemns d ifferent writers work which they state Is a structure an Inhumanity. They additionally state she examines different journalists social conditions. An Interesting pundit to me says that In her self-portrayal has a type of detainment as a result of her determining what befell her in her youth different young ladies who read it might grow up into ladies with that awareness. Yet, there were likewise some acceptable pundits saying that she comes clean and that they like it additionally one additional says that they like the feeling of dark discourse rhythms. (Www. Appointments. Com/reactions/Maya_Angelo). I dont concur with the greater part of the pundits and what they state about her I love Maya Angelo as a writer and her sonnets have Inspired me In numerous Deterrent manners. Me by and by I dont tank any sonnet or anything can Inspire you positive or negative except if you let it. I likewise concur with the pundit who says she utilizes dark discourse rhythms I totally love it.

Friends, See You Again!

Friends, See You Again! It has been three weeks since  I came to school without seeing those familiar faces. I miss my older friends a lot, and I would love to share my experience during commencement week back in May. This May, two of my friends graduated from Illinois  and continued their study in graduate schools. It was my first time attending a commencement, and I really had a lot of feelings. The speech by Mr. Huber, called “Find a Better Way,” was great, but I found the student speech during Sociology convocation especially impressive. Every friend of mine knows that my dream majors are majors like English Literature because I love reading and writing. In her speech “Light It Up,” Sana Singh showed her love of  Sociology and why she thought it was a great majorâ€"because it studies the operation of the whole society and is just as important as the majors north  of Green Street (College of Engineering) and south of Gregory Street (College of Business). She considers the knowledge she learned in Sociology things that light her up, which might be the same feeling shared by other students at the convocation. Her touching speech made me cry a little bit because I did not choose to learn things I truly love. However, I am grateful that I still have the habit to read and passion to write. Presentation and hooding of different degrees’ candidates were sweet as well. After years of studying, students got what they deserved and everyone wished them  bright futures. It’s hard to imagine myself at commencement two years later, and the only thing I hope is that I will not regret every effort I made at  Illinois. Before and after the commencement, I took a lot of photos with my friends. We designed quite a lot different poses and I really cherish this moment. On the Quad, near “Grainger Bob,” under that oak tree, inside Armory 101 (which we had a weekly club meeting) and of course we had to  take a picture in front of Alma Mater. Even though there was  a quite long line before her, we still waited for about an hour to get that picture. During commencement week, Alma Mater also wore blue  academic robes. We are all from different areas of  China and couldn’t see each other too often. During commencement  week, I got to meet my friends’ parents and have dinner with them. It’s just lovely to hear their funny stories from childhood and dreams about future. I wish all my friends a great and bright future. I will miss you guys. Please come and visit during breaks! (Photo taken by Mengqiao Guo; Person in Photo: Xialingzi Jin) Connie Class of 2018 I am double majoring in Computer Engineering in the College of Engineering and Statistics in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. My hometown is a historical and peaceful city called Suzhou, located in southeastern China.

The Four Noble Truths of Buddhism Essay - 791 Words

The Four Noble Truths of Buddhism #65279; Dukkha is the first of the four noble truths of Buddhism. The word means suffering, but just to state suffering as the entirety of the first noble truth, is not enough because the expression of dukkha is the first truth that is needed for salvation. Moreover, dukkha is the conclusion of a logical chain of ideas that explains the life and death cycle of mankind. Before a person recognizes the truth of dukkha, he lives in a space of ignorance and with ignorance he seeks the fulfillment of his desires, yet with every demand met, he soon finds dissatisfaction. The longer a person lives the more apparent the truth of demise. With birth comes pain; with living comes pain and suffering.†¦show more content†¦That is, what is the root cause of dukkha? In fact, to leave man with dukkha alone there is no salvation. Gautama concluded that tanya is at the heart of dukkha. Tanya, translated-craving, or desire gives a logical explanation for suffering and another releasing tru th. Man is born with thirst. Thirst for physical and emotional satisfaction. Man loves friends and family that all perish with man. It is the love that is the problem, not the temporary nature of life. In addition, it is the desires of man that causes sufferings. The book of James stated the truth of tanya in James 1:14, â€Å"But every man is tempted, when he is drawn away of his own lust, and enticed.† Gautama’s discipline in the second noble truth is to extinguish the craving. It is man’s lusts, desires and cravings that are the cause of dukkha, certainly not the dukkha itself. Tanya also contains the concept of ignorance. Ignorance is the inability to see the truth about things, to see things as they really are. It is true that ignorance is a component of dukkha, but Gautama states that ignorance sits in the root cause of dukkha. Therefore, ignorance begins with tanya. Plainly stated, ignorance is not the casual western definition of the word, but it is a link in a chain. For example, man strives for permanence and fulfillment, but he is ignorant of the fact that existence will never bring true satisfaction. The practices ofShow MoreRelatedThe Four Noble Truths Of Buddhism760 Words   |  4 PagesAlyssa Hayes Professor Wayne Knight 2/27/2017 Hum 10 Tuesday Buddhism The four noble truths The Buddhists strongly believed in the four noble truths which are the foundation of Buddhism. The first noble truth, is the truth of suffering or (dukkha). The Pali word â€Å"dukkha† can be described using the term â€Å"temporary†. Things that are painful and things that are pleasurable are considered dukkha because they are temporary and do not last forever. 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However, the Buddhist viewRead MoreBuddhism, The Noble Eightfold Path And The Four Noble Truths1650 Words   |  7 PagesBuddhism was an incredibly intriguing religion to me due to the emphasis placed on the reality that surrounds us, it’s a rational religion based on peace, self-understanding and the ultimate goal of nirvana. Buddhist followers live their life with three main goals; morality, meditation and enlightenment. Ultimately the core teachings of Buddhism are The Noble Eightfold Path and The Four Noble Truths. It is their lives journey to understand, live kindly and find their inner-peace. In a world so full

The Child Obesity Epidemic - 2395 Words

Have we all question ourselves what is childhood obesity? Well today about one in three children in America are overweight or obese, which has tripled since 1963. The American Heart Association, comments that among the children today, obesity has been causing a reach of health problem that was only seen in adulthood. Obesity not only affects children appearance or the fit of their clothing. The people that are obese most likely will have health problems such as joint problem, sleep apnea, and asthma attack, liver failure, kidney problems. What would be the best way to prevent obesity. We all know the obesity is and will always be a chronic disease that will be affecting more children, and teenagers and adults. The rates of obesity in children in the United States have doubled since 1980, yet it has tripled for teenagers. Children between the ages of six to nineteen are considered overweight and the other percent of adults are overweight and or obese. In Imperial County approximately 75% of the population is of Mexican origin with a 39% ratio that rates childhood obesity. Currently 21,011 children are enrolled in elementary schools, of this children about 75.4% are on the free or reduced priced meal program. Obesity can cause numerous of health issues such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and low self-esteem. Obesity may also have emotional effects in children such as being teased and or bullied at school and felling that they have a poor body image. In myShow MoreRelatedThe Epidemic Of Child Obesity1885 Words   |  8 PagesOver the past decade there has been an epidemic on the rise. This epidemic is child obesity. We spend millions of dollars each year trying to help or prevent the onset of obesity. Some of the reasons are due to our youth consuming more processed foods and not being physically active. 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The pervasiveness of obesity has increased from 6.5% in 1980 to 20% in 2014 among children aged 6 to 11. The prevalence of obesity among adolescents aged 12 to 19 increased from 5.0% to 18.1% during the same 30-year period. With that said, America is experiencing a very serious health issue concerning its youth. Obesity results from an imbalance involving excessive calorie consumption and/or inadequate physical activity. In addition, obesity is mediatedRead MoreChildhood Obesity Essay examples1472 Words   |  6 Pageschildhood obesity was rarely a topic of conversation. A survey done in the early 1970s showed that 6.1% of children between the ages 12 and 19 were overweight. 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The rapid increase in the prevalence of this epidemic has shown to be higher among ethnic groups (Klohe, 2004). In addition, those of lower socioeconomic status are 50% more likely to be obese than those from higher education/income backgrounds (U.S. Department of Heath and Human Services, 2001). For children, obesity can lead to serious health outcomes

China’s Trade Disputes Free Essays

China’s Trade Disputes Disputes over protection of Intellectual Property Complainant: United States Respondent: China Before China Joined the GAIT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) in 1986, it was a planned economy. What that does mean? It means that the government was in charge of the production, investment and prices. In other words, the government was in charge of running the economy. We will write a custom essay sample on China’s Trade Disputes or any similar topic only for you Order Now By that time, China almost had no international commerce but only with socialist countries such as the former USSR and Yugoslavia. It was not until 1992, that China began to lower its tariffs. As a result of that, China began to grow steadily and in 2001 China Joined the WTFO (World Trade Organization). According to Professor David W. Conklin and Danville Caddied (China’s Trade Disputes, Richard Vive School of Business, The University of Western Ontario, 2009) China had a 42. 9% tariff rate in 1992; 16. 6% in 2001 and since then it has been around 9. 8%. These figures show how China the decreased its tariff rates since 1992 to the present. According to the WTFO (World Trade Organization), the average Chinese tariff rate in 2011 was 9. 6%. 1 China Joining the WATT had its own percussions; on one hand, it was a new market with a rapidly growing population, which was attractive for many international investors. On the other hand, China’s export increased extremely fast, this rapid growth affected many industries in advanced economies. What is the reason behind this outcome? There were several issues regarding China’s commerce policies that caused a stream of trade disputes between China and other economies. In spite of having the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), many Chinese producers were accused of racy and counterfeiting. The purpose of the Trips was to provide protection in the wide area of intellectual property. However, that was not the case in China; even though, the Chinese government based its Intellectual Property Rights on U. S. And EX. countries, they were not applying those policies effectively. Counterfeiting and piracy in China were estimated to be around 15% to of all the products made in the local market. These type of illegal activities composed 8% of China’s GAP. 5 The main issue regarding Intellectual Property is the fact that for most developing countries, he easiest way to achieve competitiveness is through counterfeiting successful products and by copying business practices. Why is this a major problem? The answer is simple; these developing economies have as their competitive advantage: low wage rates. If they copy a product and produce it with those low salaries, they are able to sell it with a price lower than the original one. There is no doubt that these type of products are going to steal market share from the companies that originally produced them affecting not only those companies but also the economies that purport them. The main purpose of International laws that protect Intellectual Property is not only to secure fair business but also to keep Jobs in the domestic market not to offshore all those Jobs to other foreign countries. We know that weak PR polices and lesser penalties are factors that allow the spread of counterfeiting and piracy within an economy. Furthermore, a deficient legal system can be a cause of this too. However, according to John Lehman, this issue might be caused by a different factor: he said that Intellectual Property was not part of the â€Å"Traditional† Chinese legal code. He concludes that the main problem about Intellectual property in China is not caused by a deficient legal system nor economy but from intellectual and cultural factors. After the creation of the WIPE (World Intellectual Property Organization) in 1970, the WTFO functioned as a forum for the negotiation of international policies on major issues. However, violations concerning PR (Intellectual Property Rights) proved to be extremely difficult to handle. Especially with technological products that use to have very short product cycles. Overall, with all the genealogical advances, it was really hard to create a n accurate legislation to address all of these new type of problems. There is a thin line between counterfeiting and using the product as a base to improve it, issues like that were a headache for the WTFO. On April 2007, the United States demanded a consultation with China relating to the protection of PR in China. The matters that were discussed during this series of consultations were: the lack of an efficient criminal procedure and set of penalties for commercial piracy, the prohibition to let counterfeited products to be released onto foreign markets and the boundaries in which a copyright piracy consists in of an unauthorized copying. The panel concluded that, to the extent that the Copyright Law and the Customs measures as such are inconsistent with the TRIPS Agreement, they nullify or impair benefits accruing to the United States under that Agreement, and recommended that China bring the Copyright Law and the Customs measures into conformity with its obligations under the TRIPS Agreement†. 8 On April 2010, China and U. S. Informed the Di spute Settlement Body (IDS) that the agreed procedures were effectively in progress. Opinion: The protection of PR is one of the most important things for developed countries. I agree that counterfeiting and piracy should be severely punished. However, in this case I found an interesting opinion: â€Å"Why should these countries honor the property ownership of other when their own manufacturers could create Jobs and nurture domestic prosperity through piracy and counterfeiting? † This is obviously the other side of the coin it involves a social issue. But I think that copying (not counterfeiting not piracy) can be useful sometimes. I remember reading that after WI, Japan sent several of this workers to work in U. S. In order to get the American know-how. What they did was not counterfeiting because they didn’t copy the products but they used the models as their base in order to improve it. That’s an interesting idea, especially for developing economies. Recently I watched a documentary about the race between China and India. The main difference between both economies was that India was using innovation in order to grow; on the other hand, China was relying more on copying products than innovating. The same documentary showed that in the present counterfeiting laws are stronger in China but it is still an issue. How to cite China’s Trade Disputes, Papers China’s Trade Disputes Free Essays China’s Trade Disputes Disputes over protection of Intellectual Property Complainant: United States Respondent: China Before China Joined the GATE (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) in 1986, it was a planned economy. What that does mean? It means that the government was in charge of the production, investment and prices. In other words, the government was in charge of running the economy. We will write a custom essay sample on China’s Trade Disputes or any similar topic only for you Order Now By that time, China almost had no international commerce but only with socialist countries such as the former USSR and Yugoslavia. It was not until 1992, that China began to lower its tariffs. As a result of that, China began to grow steadily and in 2001 China Joined the WTFO (World Trade Organization). According to Professor David W. Conklin and Danville Caddied (China’s Trade Disputes, Richard Vive School of Business, The University of Western Ontario, 2009) China had a 42. 9% tariff rate in 1992; 16. 6% in 2001 and since then it has been around 9. 8%. These figures show how China the decreased its tariff rates since 1992 to the present. According to the WTFO (World Trade Organization), the average Chinese tariff rate in 2011 was 9. 6%. 1 China Joining the WATT had its own percussions; on one hand, it was a new market with a rapidly growing population, which was attractive for many international investors. On the other hand, China’s export increased extremely fast, this rapid growth affected many industries in advanced economies. What is the reason behind this outcome? There were several issues regarding China’s commerce policies that caused a stream of trade disputes between China and other economies. In spite of having the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), many Chinese producers were accused of racy and counterfeiting. The purpose of the Trips was to provide protection in the wide area of intellectual property. However, that was not the case in China; even though, the Chinese government based its Intellectual Property Rights on U. S. And EX. countries, they were not applying those policies effectively. Counterfeiting and piracy in China were estimated to be around 15% to of all the products made in the local market. These type of illegal activities composed 8% of China’s GAP. 5 The main issue regarding Intellectual Property is the fact that for most developing countries, he easiest way to achieve competitiveness is through counterfeiting successful products and by copying business practices. Why is this a major problem? The answer is simple; these developing economies have as their competitive advantage: low wage rates. If they copy a product and produce it with those low salaries, they are able to sell it with a price lower than the original one. There is no doubt that these type of products are going to steal market share from the companies that originally produced them affecting not only those companies but also the economies that purport them. The main purpose of International laws that protect Intellectual Property is not only to secure fair business but also to keep Jobs in the domestic market not to offshore all those Jobs to other foreign countries. We know that weak PR polices and lesser penalties are factors that allow the spread of counterfeiting and piracy within an economy. Furthermore, a deficient legal system can be a cause of this too. However, according to John Lehman, this issue might be caused by a different factor: he said that Intellectual Property was not part of the â€Å"Traditional† Chinese legal code. He concludes that the main problem about Intellectual property in China is not caused by a deficient legal system nor economy but from intellectual and cultural factors. After the creation of the WIPE (World Intellectual Property Organization) in 1970, the WTFO functioned as a forum for the negotiation of international policies on major issues. However, violations concerning PR (Intellectual Property Rights) proved to be extremely difficult to handle. Especially with technological products that use to have very short product cycles. Overall, with all the genealogical advances, it was really hard to create a n accurate legislation to address all of these new type of problems. There is a thin line between counterfeiting and using the product as a base to improve it, issues like that were a headache for the WTFO. On April 2007, the United States demanded a consultation with China relating to the protection of PR in China. The matters that were discussed during this series of consultations were: the lack of an efficient criminal procedure and set of penalties for commercial piracy, the prohibition to let counterfeited products to be released onto foreign markets and the boundaries in which a copyright piracy consists in of an unauthorized copying. The panel concluded that, to the extent that the Copyright Law and the Customs measures as such are inconsistent with the TRIPS Agreement, they nullify or impair benefits accruing to the United States under that Agreement, and recommended that China bring the Copyright Law and the Customs measures into conformity with its obligations under the TRIPS Agreement†. 8 On April 2010, China and U. S. Informed the Di spute Settlement Body (ADS) that the agreed procedures were effectively in progress. Opinion: The protection of PR is one of the most important things for developed countries. I agree that counterfeiting and piracy should be severely punished. However, in this case I found an interesting opinion: â€Å"Why should these countries honor the property ownership of other when their own manufacturers could create Jobs and nurture domestic prosperity through piracy and counterfeiting? † This is obviously the other side of the coin it involves a social issue. But I think that copying (not counterfeiting not piracy) can be useful sometimes. I remember reading that after WI, Japan sent several of this workers to work in U. S. In order to get the American know-how. What they did was not counterfeiting because they didn’t copy the products but they used the models as their base in order to improve it. That’s an interesting idea, especially for developing economies. Recently I watched a documentary about the race between China and India. The main difference between both economies was that India was using innovation in order to grow; on the other hand, China was relying more on copying products than innovating. The same documentary showed that in the present counterfeiting laws are stronger in China but it is still an issue. How to cite China’s Trade Disputes, Papers

Old Mrs Chundle And Darkness Out There Essays - Sandra,

Old Mrs Chundle And Darkness Out There The two short stories "The Darkness Out There" and "Old Mrs Chundle" both deal with similar relationships, whilst at the same time having many differences. The most pronounced similarity of the two stories is that both deal with younger people's relationships with an older person. Another marked theme is that Hardy's story concerns itself with the curate's deception (unconsciously) of Mrs Chundle, while in the Lively one it's the younger people who are deceived by appearances. Kerry Stevens and Sandra in "The Darkness Out There" (from Sandra's point of view) have an interesting relationship, which develops throughout the story; at the beginning, Kerry is seen to be quite immature and is looked down upon by Sandra: "Kerry Stevens that none of...(Sandra's) lot reckoned much on ... some people you only have to look at to know they're not up to much." This is quite a harsh view from Sandra, taking into consideration the fact that she doesn't really know him. Sandra believes that she is much more mature than Kerry, "she considered him, over a chasm, Mum said boys matured later, in many ways," and this shows how ironic Penelope Lively is being concerning the relationship. For, throughout the story, it's Kerry who acts more maturely than Sandra. He offered her some chocolate when she'd been yelling at him for jumping out of the bush as she's walking to Mrs Rutter's, and he's the first to realise the old lady is not all she appears to be (" "I don't go much on her." ") Sandra bases her opinions a lot on appearances, and this is why at first she sees nothing out of the ordinary with Mrs Rutter. This is also the way she is with Kerry; while all the time we are led by Sandra to believe that she's the adult one (although all the time the reader knows this isn't true) this illusion is in fact shattered at the ending, when we see Kerry (from Sandra's point of view) in a different light. "Are people who help other people not always very nice looking?" This shows how shallow Sandra is, with her immature dreams and fantasies ("One day she'd have a place in the country... a little white house peeping over a hill.") Lively, while all the time telling the reader ironically that Sandra is the more adult, nevertheless through her writing shows the reader the true scale of things (that Kerry is much more mature than Sandra all along). Lively, by reporting the way Kerry acts and speaks in the eyes of Sandra, shows how false the circumstances are regarding the youngster's relationship and the way the girl perceives it. This is similar to in "Old Mrs Chundle," the way relationships are sometimes misinterpreted by those involved with it. Sandra sees the relationship as her being superior to him at the start, while all along it's Kerry who has the guts to face up to the stark reality of Mrs Rutter's hidden past. The relationship between Mrs Chundle and the curate in Hardy's story is a misunderstood and uneven one too; Mrs Chundle, after befriending the curate while he was out painting (a past-time she could never do due to her social class and financial circumstances), believes she's found a"real friend" in the younger man; whereas the curate views Mrs Chundle, rather coldly, as a charity case. For example, when the curate goes to the rector to ask about the old woman he'd just received dinner from he refers to her as "a curious old soul", which is a rather emotionally detached way of speaking about her, almost as if she's some sort of foreign being! Another point why I feel the curate to be so apathetic is the way he's so quick to judge Mrs Chundle after hearing from his rector that she told him a small lie about going to church. Only after a few seconds of conversation, the curate passes judgement when he doesn't know the full story; that she wants to save herself the embarrassment of not hearing a word at church due to her deafness. This is an insight into how the curate's mind works. We must judge the Hardy characters more by the way they act and speak rather than into any past flashbacks or mental workings revealed to the reader like in "The Darkness Out There." This is because there are less insights into what the characters are thinking in "Old Mrs Chundle" ? we must rely upon