Addmaths

ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS PROJECT WORK 2/2012 â€Å"INDEX NUMBER† NAME: Lio Xing Ying Class: 5I I. C. No:950818-13-6166 School: SMK Marudi TEACHER:Miss Tie Yien Mee Teacher’s signature: CONTENT CHAPTERS| TITLES| PAGES| 1| CONTENT| 2| 2| APPRECIATION| 4| 3| OBJECTIVES| 6| 4| INTRODUCTION| 8| 5| PART A| 11| 6| PART B| 15| 7| PART C| 19| 8| PART D| 24| 9| FURTHER EXPLORATION| 26| 10| CONCLUSION| 28| 11| REFLECTION| 30| APPRECIATION First of all, I would like to thank God for giving us energy, strength and health to carry out this project work. Next, I would like to thank our school for giving us the chance to create this project work.School also provides me the space to discuss and carry out this project work. Not forgetting my beloved parents who provided everything needed in this project work, such as money, Internet, books, computer and so on. They contribute their time and spirit on sharing their experience with me. Their support may raise the spirit in me to do this proj ect work smoothly. After that, I would like to thank our Additional Mathematics teacher, Miss Tie Yien Mee for guiding me throughout this project. When I face some difficulties on doing tasks, she will try her best to teach me patiently until I have done the project work.Then, I would like to thank the proprietor of the shop who was willing to share their experience on business activity and the experience on saving money with me. Lastly, I would like to thank my classmates who shared ideas and providing some helps on solving problems. We help each other until we finished this project work. OBJECTIVES All of our students in 5I are required to carry out an Additional Mathematics Project Work during mid-term holiday. This project is done individually. Upon completion of the Additional Mathematics Project Work, I gain valuable experiences and able to: * Solve routine and non-routine problems. Improve thinking skills. * Knowledge and skills are applied in meaningful ways in solving real- life problems. * Expressing ones mathematical thinking, reasoning and communication are highly encouraged and expected. * Stimulates and enhances effective learning. * Acquire effective mathematical communication through oral and writing and to use the language of mathematics to express mathematical ideas correctly and precisely. * Enhance acquisition of mathematical knowledge and skills through problem-solving in ways that increase interest and confidence. Prepare ourselves for the demand of our future undertakings and in workplace. * Realise that mathematics is an important and powerful tool in solving real-life problems and hence develop positive attitude towards mathematics. * Train ourselves not only to be independent learners but also to collaborate, to cooperate, and to share knowledge in an engaging and healthy environment. * Use technology especially the ICT appropriately and effectively. * Train ourselves to appreciate the intrinsic values of mathematics and to become more creative and innovative. Realize the importance and the beauty of mathematics. INTRODUCTION INDEX An index number is a percentage ratio of prices, quantities or values comparing two time periods or two points in time. The time period that serves as a basis for the comparison is called the base period and the period that is compared to the base period is called the given or current period. A price index measures the change in the money value of an item (or group of items) over time whereas a quantity index measures the non-monetary value of an item (or a group of items) over time.An index number that represents a percentage comparison of the number of cars sold in a given month as compared with that of a base month is a quantity index. A price index represents a comparison of prices between two time periods and, finally, a value index is one that represents a comparison of the total value of production or sales in two time periods without regard to whether the observed difference is a result of differences in quantity, price or both. Index numbers are also differentiated according to the number of commodities or products included in the comparison.A simple index, also known as a relative, is a comparison involving only one item but an index whose calculation is based on several items is known as an aggregate or composite index. A very famous example of a composite index is the Retail Prices Index (RPI), which measures the changes in costs in the items of expenditure of the average household. In  economics  and  finance, an index is a statistical measure of changes in a representative group of individual data points. These data may be derived from any number of sources, including company performance, prices, productivity, and employment.Economic indices (index, plural) track economic health from different perspectives. Influential global financial indices such as the  Global Dow, and the NASDAQ Composite  track the performance of selected large and po werful companies in order to evaluate and predict economic trends. The  Dow Jones Industrial Average  and the  S&P 500  primarily track U. S. markets, though some legacy international companies are included. The Consumer  Price Index  tracks the variation in prices for different consumer goods and services over time in a constant geographical location, and is integral to calculations used to djust salaries, bond interest rates, and tax thresholds for inflation. The GDP Deflator  Index, or real GDP, measures the level of prices of all new, domestically produced, final goods and services in an economy. Market performance indices include the  labour market index / job index  and proprietary  stock market index  investment instruments offered by  brokerage houses. Some indices display market variations that cannot be captured in other ways. For example, the  Economist  provides a  Big Mac Index that expresses the adjusted cost of a globally ubiquitous Big M ac as a percentage over or under the cost of a Big Mac in the U.S. with a U. S. dollar (estimated: $3. 57). Norway prices reflect most relatively expensive Big Mac, at an 84% increase over U. S. prices, or $6. 5725 U. S. The least relatively expensive Big Mac price occurs in Hong Kong, at a 52% reduction from U. S. prices, or $1. 71 U. S. The Big Mac index is used to predict currency values. From this example, it would be assumed that Hong Kong currency is undervalued, and provides a currency investment opportunity. An index number is a percentage ratio of prices, quantities or values comparing two time periods or two points in time.The time period that serves as a basis for the comparison is called the base period and the period that is compared to the base period is called the given or current period. A price index measures the change in the money value of an item (or group of items) over time whereas a quantity index measures the non-monetary value of an item (or a group of items ) over time. An index number that represents a percentage comparison of the number of cars sold in a given month as compared with that of a base month is a quantity index.A price index represents a comparison of prices between two time periods and, finally, a value index is one that represents a comparison of the total value of production or sales in two time periods without regard to whether the observed difference is a result of differences in quantity, price or both. Index numbers are also differentiated according to the number of commodities or products included in the comparison. A simple index, also known as a relative, is a comparison involving only one item but an index whose calculation is based on several items is known as an aggregate or composite index.A very famous example of a composite index is the Retail Prices Index (RPI), which measures the changes in costs in the items of expenditure of the average household. PART A The school Cooperative in one of the schools in your area made a profit of RM 50000 in the year 2011. The cooperative plans to keep the money in a fixed deposit account in a bank for one year. The interest collected at the end of this period will be the poor students in the school. As a member of Board of Cooperative you are to find the total interest which can be collected from different banks.Given below are the interest rates offered by 3 different banks: Bank A, Bank B and Bank C. You are to calculate the interest that can be obtained based on the given rates, if the money is to be kept in the bank for a period of one year for monthly auto renewable, three months auto renewable, six months auto renewable and twelve months auto renewable without withdrawal. Compare and discuss which bank will you choose and explain why. PERIOD| BANK A (% p. a. )| BANK B (% p. a. )| BANK C (% p. a. )| 1 MONTH| 3. 10| 3. 00| 3. 00| 2 MONTH| 3. 10| 3. 00| 3. 00| 3 MONTH| 3. 15| 3. 5| 3. 05| 4 MONTH| 3. 15| 3. 05| 3. 05| 5 MONTH| 3. 15| 3. 10| 3. 05| 6 MONTH| 3. 20| 3. 10| 3. 10| 7 MONTH| 3. 20| 3. 10| 3. 10| 8 MONTH| 3. 20| 3. 10| 3. 10| 9 MONTH| 3. 20| 3. 10| 3. 10| 10 MONTH| 3. 20| 3. 10| 3. 10| 11 MONTH| 3. 20| 3. 10| 3. 10| 12 MONTH| 3. 25| 3. 15| 3. 20| Solution by Geometric Progression Solution Tn = arn–1 r = Tn+1Tn a = 50 000 BANK A * Monthly auto renewable r = 100 + 3. 10100 = 103. 10100 = 1. 0310 T13 = 50 000 x 1. 031013-1 = 50 000 x 1. 031012 = 72 123. 03397 = 72 123. 00 * Three months auto renewable r = 100 + 3. 15100 = 103. 15100 = 1. 0315T5 = 50 000 x 1. 03155-1 = 50 000 x 1. 03154 = 56 603. 9754 = 56 604. 00 * Six months auto renewable r = 100 + 3. 20 100 = 103. 20100 = 1. 0320 T3 = 50 000 x 1. 03203-1 = 50 000 x 1. 03202 = 53 251. 20 * Twelve months without withdrawal r = 100 + 3. 25100 = 103. 25100 = 1. 0325 T2 = 50 000 x 1. 03252-1 = 50 000 x 1. 03251 = 51 625. 00 Bank B * Monthly auto renewable r = 100 + 3. 00100 = 103. 00100 = 1. 0300 T13 = 50 000 x 1. 030013-1 = 50 000 x 1. 030012 = 71 288. 04434 = 71 288. 00 * Three months auto renewable r = 100 + 3. 05100 = 103. 15100 = 1. 0315 T5 = 50 000 x 1. 03055-1 50 000 x 1. 03054 = 56 384. 79279 = 56 384. 80 * Six months auto renewable r = 100 + 3. 10 100 = 103. 10100 = 1. 0310 T3 = 50 000 x 1. 03103-1 = 50 000 x 1. 03102 = 53 148. 05 = 53 148. 00 * Twelve months without withdrawal r = 100 + 3. 15100 = 103. 15100 = 1. 0325 T2 = 50 000 x 1. 03152-1 = 50 000 x 1. 03151 = 51 575. 00 BANK C * Monthly auto renewable r = 100 + 3. 00100 = 103. 00100 = 1. 0300 T13 = 50 000 x 1. 030013-1 = 50 000 x 1. 030012 = 71 288. 04434 = 71 288. 00 * Three months auto renewable r = 100 + 3. 05100 = 103. 05100 = 1. 0305 T5 = 50 000 x 1. 03055-1 = 50 000 x 1. 3054 = 56 384. 79279 = 56 384. 80 * Six months auto renewable r = 100 + 3. 10 100 = 103. 10100 = 1. 0310 T3 = 50 000 x 1. 03103-1 = 50 000 x 1. 03102 = 53 148. 05 = 53 148. 00 * Twelve months without withdrawal r = 100 + 3. 20100 = 103. 20100 = 1. 032 T2 = 50 000 x 1. 0322-1 = 50 000 x 1. 0321 = 51 6 00. 00 PERIOD| BANK A (RM)| BANK B (RM)| BANK C (RM)| MONTHLY RENEWABLE| 72 123. 00| 71 288. 00| 71 288. 00| THREE MONTHS RENEWABLE| 56 604. 00| 56 384. 80| 56 384. 80| SIX MONTHS RENEWABLE| 53 251. 20| 53 148. 00| 53 148. 00| TWELVE MONTHS RENEWABLE| 51 625. 00| 51 575. 00| 51 600. 0| Therefore, I will choose Bank A because the interest of Bank A is higher than Bank B and Bank C. PART B (a) The Cooperative of your school plans to provide photocopy service to the students of your school. A survey was conducted and it is found out that rental for a photo copy machine is RM 480 per month, cost for a rim of paper (500 pieces) is RM 10 and the price of a bottle of toner is RM 80 which can be used to photocopy 10 000 pieces of paper. (i) What is the cost to photocopy a piece of paper? Solution by Mathematical Solution Rental for photocopy machine/month = RM 480Cost for a rim of paper (500 pieces) = RM 10 Price of a bottle of toner (10 000 pieces) = RM 80 Cost for a photocopy of a piece o f paper = RM 80 + RM 480 + [10 000500 RM 10]10 000 = RM 0. 076 (ii) If your school cooperative can photocopy an average of 10 000 pieces per month and charges a price of 10 cent per piece, calculate the profit which can be obtained by the school cooperative. Solution by Mathematical Method Charge of a piece of photocopy of a paper = RM 0. 10 Cost for a photocopy of a piece of paper = RM 0. 076 Profit obtained = (RM 0. 10 – RM 0. 076)(10 000) = RM 240 b) For the year 2013, the cost for photocopying 10 000 pieces of paper increased due to the increase in the price of rental, toner and paper as shown in table below: (i) Calculate the percentage increase in photocopying a piece of paper based on the year 2012, using two different methods. Solution METHOD 1 by Mathematical Solution Cost of photocopy of a piece of paper in 2013 = RM 100 + RM 500 + RM24010 000 = RM 0. 084 Percentage increase = 0. 084 – 0. 0760. 076 x 100% = 10. 5263% METHOD 2 by Price Index Solution I = P1P0x 100 ? = IWW | Price Index, I| Weightage, W| Rental| 6256| 25| Toner| 125| 5| Paper| 120| 12| = 625625 + 1255 + 1201225 + 5 + 12 = 25015252 = 111. 17 Percentage increase = RM 0. 076 x 111. 17100 – 0. 0760. 076 x 100% = 10. 5263% (ii) If the school cooperative still charge the same amount for photocopying a piece of paper, how many pieces of paper should the cooperative photocopy in order to get the same amount of profit? Solution by Quadratic Equation Solution Pieces of paper should cooperative photocopy 0. 1(x) – 10 000 (0. 084) = 240 0. 1x – 840 = 240 x = 10800. 1 = 10 800 (iii) If the cooperative still maintain to photocopy the same amount of paper per month, how much profit can Cooperative obtain?Solution by Mathematical Solution Profit obtained = (RM 0. 10)(10 000) – (RM 0. 084)(10 000) = RM 160 PART C The population of the school is increasing. As a result, the school cooperative needs more space for keeping the increasing amount of stock. Therefore the school cooperative plans to expand the store-room. It is estimated that cost for renovation is RM 150 000. Make a conjecture on which is a better way for the school cooperative to pay, whether to pay the whole lump sum in cash or keep the RM 150 000 in a fixed deposit account at a rate of 6% p. a. n a bank then borrow the RM 150 000 from a bank and pay for the hire purchase for a period of 10 years with a interest rate of 4. 8% p. a. and withdraw monthly to pay for the hire purchase every beginning of a month. Make a conclusion and give your reason. (You can give your solution in table form, Excel or graph) Solution by Excel Month| Interest (%)| Total Money (RM)| Interest Rate/year (%)| Loan/month (RM)| Money Left (RM)| 1| 6. 00| 150 000| 4. 80| 1 850. 00| 251 571. 84| 2| | | | 1 850. 00| 249 721. 84| 3| | | | 1 850. 00| 247 871. 84| 4| | | | 1 850. 00| 246 021. 84| 5| | | | 1 850. 0| 244 171. 84| 6| | | | 1 850. 00| 242 321. 84| 7| | | | 1 850. 00| 240 471. 84| 8| | | | 1 850. 00| 238 621. 84| 9| | | | 1 850. 00| 236 771. 84| 10| | | | 1 850. 00| 234 921. 84| 11| | | | 1 850. 00| 233 071. 84| 12| | | | 1 850. 00| 231 221. 84| 13| 6. 00| 159 000. 00| 4. 80| 1 850. 00| 229 371. 84| 14| | | | 1 850. 00| 227 521. 84| 15| | | | 1 850. 00| 225 671. 84| 16| | | | 1 850. 00| 223 821. 84| 17| | | | 1 850. 00| 221 971. 84| 18| | | | 1 850. 00| 220 121. 84| 19| | | | 1 850. 00| 218 271. 84| 20| | | | 1 850. 00| 216 421. 84| 21| | | | 1 850. 00| 214 571. 84| 22| | | | 1 850. 0| 212 721. 84| 23| | | | 1 850. 00| 210 871. 84| 24| | | | 1 850. 00| 209 021. 84| 25| 6. 00| 168 540. 00| 4. 80| 1 850. 00| 207 171. 84| 26| | | | 1 850. 00| 205 321. 84| 27| | | | 1 850. 00| 203 471. 84| 28| | | | 1 850. 00| 201 621. 84| 29| | | | 1 850. 00| 199 771. 84| 30| | | | 1 850. 00| 197 921. 84| 31| | | | 1 850. 00| 196 071. 84| 32| | | | 1 850. 00| 194 221. 84| 33| | | | 1 850. 00| 192 371. 84| 34| | | | 1 850. 00| 190 521. 84| 35| | | | 1 850. 00| 188 671. 84| 36| | | | 1 850. 00| 186 821. 84| 37| 6. 00| 178 652. 40| 4. 80| 1 850. 00| 184 971. 84| 38| | | | 1 850. 00| 183 121. 4| 39| | | | 1 850. 00| 181 271. 84| 40| | | | 1 850. 00| 179 421. 84| 41| | | | 1 850. 00| 177 571. 84| 42| | | | 1 850. 00| 175 721. 84| 43| | | | 1 850. 00| 173 871. 84| 44| | | | 1 850. 00| 172 021. 84| 45| | | | 1 850. 00| 170 171. 84| 46| | | | 1 850. 00| 168 321. 84| 47| | | | 1 850. 00| 166 471. 84| 48| | | | 1 850. 00| 164 621. 84| 49| 6. 00| 189 371. 54| 4. 80| 1 850. 00| 162 771. 84| 50| | | | 1 850. 00| 160 921. 84| 51| | | | 1 850. 00| 159 071. 84| 52| | | | 1 850. 00| 157 221. 84| 53| | | | 1 850. 00| 155 371. 84| 54| | | | 1 850. 00| 153 521. 84| 55| | | | 1 850. 00| 151 671. 4| 56| | | | 1 850. 00| 149 821. 84| 57| | | | 1 850. 00| 147 971. 84| 58| | | | 1 850. 00| 146 121. 84| 59| | | | 1 850. 00| 144 271. 84| 60| | | | 1 850. 00| 142 421. 84| 61| 6. 00| 200 733. 84| 4. 80| 1 850. 00| 140 571. 84| 62| | | | 1 850. 00| 138 721. 84| 63| | | | 1 850. 00| 136 871. 84| 64| | | | 1 850. 00| 135 021. 84| 65| | | | 1 850. 00| 133 171. 84| 66| | | | 1 850. 00| 131 321. 84| 67| | | | 1 850. 00| 129 471. 84| 68| | | | 1 850. 00| 127 621. 84| 69| | | | 1 850. 00| 125 771. 84| 70| | | | 1 850. 00| 123 921. 84| 71| | | | 1 850. 00| 122 071. 84| 72| | | | 1 850. 00| 120 221. 4| 73| 6. 00| 212 777. 87| 4. 80| 1 850. 00| 118 371. 84| 74| | | | 1 850. 00| 116 521. 84| 75| | | | 1 850. 00| 114 671. 84| 76| | | | 1 850. 00| 112 821. 84| 77| | | | 1 850. 00| 110 971. 84| 78| | | | 1 850. 00| 109 121. 84| 79| | | | 1 850. 00| 107 271. 84| 80| | | | 1 850. 00| 105 421. 84| 81| | | | 1 850. 00| 103 571. 84| 81| | | | 1 850. 00| 101 721. 84| 83| | | | 1 850. 00| 99 871. 84| 84| | | | 1 850. 00| 98 021. 84| 85| 6. 00| 225 544. 54| 4. 80| 1 850. 00| 96 171. 84| 86| | | | 1 850. 00| 94 321. 84| 87| | | | 1 850. 00| 92 471. 84| 88| | | | 1 850. 00| 90 621. 84| 89| | | | 1 850. 0| 88 771. 84| 90| | | | 1 850. 00| 86 921. 84| 91| | | | 1 850. 00| 85 071. 84| 92| | | | 1 850. 00 | 83 221. 84| 93| | | | 1 850. 00| 81 371. 84| 94| | | | 1 850. 00| 79 521. 84| 95| | | | 1 850. 00| 77 671. 84| 96| | | | 1 850. 00| 75 821. 84| 97| 6. 00| 239 077. 21| 4. 80| 1 850. 00| 73 971. 84| 98| | | | 1 850. 00| 72 121. 84| 99| | | | 1 850. 00| 70 271. 84| 100| | | | 1 850. 00| 68 421. 84| 101| | | | 1 850. 00| 66 571. 84| 102| | | | 1 850. 00| 64 721. 84| 103| | | | 1 850. 00| 62 871. 84| 104| | | | 1 850. 00| 61 021. 84| 105| | | | 1 850. 00| 59 171. 84| 106| | | | 1 850. 0| 57 321. 84| 107| | | | 1 850. 00| 55 471. 84| 108| | | | 1 850. 00| 53 621. 84| 109| 6. 00| 253 421. 84| 4. 80| 1 850. 00| 51 771. 84| 110| | | | 1 850. 00| 49 921. 84| 111| | | | 1 850. 00| 48 071. 84| 112| | | | 1 850. 00| 46 221. 84| 113| | | | 1 850. 00| 44 371. 84| 114| | | | 1 850. 00| 42 521. 84| 115| | | | 1 850. 00| 40 671. 84| 116| | | | 1 850. 00| 38 821. 84| 117| | | | 1 850. 00| 36 971. 84| 118| | | | 1 850. 00| 35 121. 84| 119| | | | 1 850. 00| 33 271. 84| 120| | | | 1 850. 00| 31 421. 8 4| ? Money is still left after the loan has been paid-out for the period of 10 years.That mean, keeping the RM 150 000 in a fixed deposit account then borrow the RM 150 000 from a bank is better way to expand the store-room. PART D The cooperative of the school also has another amount of RM 50 000. The cooperative plans to keep the money in a bank. The bank offered a compound interest rate of 3. 5% per annum and a simple interest rate of 5% per annum. Explain the meaning of â€Å"compound interest† and â€Å"simple interest†. Suggest a better way of keeping the money in this bank. State a suitable period for keeping the money for each plan. Explain why. Solution y Dictionary (source: Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 6th Edition) Compound interest * Interest that is paid both on the original amount of money saved and on the interest that has been added to it. Simple interest * Interest that is paid only on the original amount of money that you invested, and n ot on any interest that is earned. Simple interest is suitable for savings in a short period. It is because of its interest is higher than compound interest and it is paid only on the original amount of money that you invested, and not on any interest that is earned.For example, when you keep RM50 000 with an interest of 5% for 2 years, then you will gain RM 5 000 after two years. So the total amount in the bank is RM 55 000 after two years. When one keeps RM 50 000 with the interest of 3. 5 % of compound interest for 2 years, then you will gain RM3 561. 25. So the total amount in the bank is RM 53 561. 25 after two years. Compound interest is suitable for savings in a long period. It is because of the original amount of money saved and on the interest that has been added to it. For example, RM50 000 for the plan of 3. 5 % of compound interest plan for 30 years then we will have RM 140 339. 9 in our saving account. But when one keeps RM 50 000 for the plan of 5 % of simple interest for 30 years, then we will only have RM 125 000 in our savings account. Therefore, it is better to save in the compound interest plan account for long-term savings and simple interest for short-term savings. FURTHER EXPLORATION When Ahmad was born, his parents invested an amount of RM 5 000 in the Amanah Saham Bumiputera (ASB) for him. The interest rate offered was 8. 0% p. a. At what age will Ahmad have a saving of RM 50 000, if he keeps the money without withdrawal? Solution by Geometric ProgressionTn = 50 000 r = 100 + 8. 0100 = 1. 08 a = 5 000 Tn = arn-1 Let, Tn > 50 000 5 000 (1. 08n-1) > 50 000 ? 1. 08n-1 > 10 log 1. 08n-1 > log 10 (n-1) log 1. 08 > log 10 n-1 > log10log1. 08 n-1 > 29. 92 n > 30. 92 The least value of n is 31, 31 – 1 = 30. by Excel Terms, Tn| Value of saves| Age of Ahmad| 1| 5000| 0| 2| 5400| 1| 3| 5832| 2| 4| 6298. 56| 3| 5| 6802. 4448| 4| 6| 7346. 640384| 5| 7| 7934. 371615| 6| 8| 8569. 121344| 7| 9| 9254. 651051| 8| 10| 9995. 023136| 9| 11| 10794. 62 499| 10| 12| 11658. 19499| 11| 13| 12590. 85058| 12| 14| 13598. 11863| 13| 15| 14685. 6812| 14| 16| 15860. 84557| 15| 17| 17129. 71322| 16| 18| 18500. 09027| 17| 19| 19980. 0975| 18| 20| 21578. 5053| 19| 21| 23304. 78572| 20| 22| 25169. 16858| 21| 23| 27182. 70206| 22| 24| 29357. 31823| 23| 25| 31705. 90369| 24| 26| 34242. 37598| 25| 27| 36981. 76606| 26| 28| 39940. 30734| 27| 29| 43135. 53193| 28| 30| 46586. 37449| 29| 31| 50313. 28445| 30| ? Ahmad will have a saving of RM 50 000 at the age of 30. CONCLUSION After doing research, answering the questions, plan a table and some problem solving, we saw that usage of index number is important in our daily business activity.It is not just widely use in the business segment but also in banking skills. We learnt a lot of lesson from this Additional Mathematics Project Work such as banking account skills, loaning technique, counting the cost of a product, predict the future plans of money and so on. Without this, shopkeeper will get a lot of loses in the business activity. We would like to thanks the one who contribute the idea of index number to help us a lot in our business activity together in our daily life. REFLECTIONAfter by spending countless hours, days and night to finish this project in this few weeks, there are several things that I want to say†¦ Additional Mathematics, The killer subject, But when I study hard, It was so easy to understand†¦ Additional Mathematics, You look so interest, So unique from the other subject, That’s why I like you so much†¦ After sacrificing my precious time, Spirit and energy for this project, And now, I realized something important from it! I really love Additional Mathematics, Additional Mathematics, You are my real friend, You are my family, And you are my life†¦ I LOVE ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS!! ~ THE END ~

Example a Level Psychology Experiment Essay

Hypothesis – there will be a significant positive relationship between the scores on a memory test and scored on a test to predict your chance of being a millionaire Null Hypothesis – there will be no significant relationship between scores on a memory test and scores on a test measuring the chances of becoming a millionaire and any relationship is due to chance Method: Design – the method of the experiment was a correlational study; this was used in order to see whether there was a relationship between the scores on a memory test and scores on a millionaire test. The experiment used co variables, which were the score on the memory test and score on the millionaire test. Controls – in order ensure the test was reliable the extraneous variables needed to be controlled. Standardised instructions were used as a control to give all participants the same instructions during the experiment, which meant that the experimenter did not affect the communication of the instructions by changing them for each participant which reduces the amount on experimenter bias. A further control that was used was using anonymous data by assigning each participant a number to record that data on a table, rather than using individual’s names. Participants – the target population for the experiment were young people in the Gosport area of each gende r. The sampling method was an opportunity sample of 10 students aged 17-18 both males and females (2 males and 8 females) at Bay House Sixth Form from an A Level Psychology class and the researcher was a Psychology teacher at Bay House Sixth Form. Apparatus and Materials – the materials used for the experiment were a list of 34 words created by the researcher that were projected onto the board, paper and pens provided for the participants to record the number of words they remembered, a watch to time the one minute period of remembering and writing down the words, an online questionnaire to measure likelihood of becoming a millionaire at bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/surveys/millionaire1/index.shtml Procedure – the participants were firstly given an explanation of the research and what the study would entail for them. They were them given the equipment they required to complete the memory test whilst remaining anonymous and were given standardise instructions by the researcher of how to complete the test and the rules of the research. The participants were then shown the list of 34 words to memorise by projecting the list on the board and where given one minute to memorise as many words as possible. The words were then hidden and the researcher projected instructions to the participants to write down all the words they remembered and they were given one minute to do so. The number of words memorised were recorded by the researcher by assigning each participant with a number and they stated out loud their score. The participants were then asked to move to a computer room to complete an online survey to test their likelihood of becoming a millionaire, after they completed the questionnaire the participants had to record their score next to their memory score on a board. The participants were then debriefed by the researcher. Ethics – there were few ethical issues in the experiment as informed consent was gained by the researcher to ensure the participants were given instructions and the aim of the research. Therefore, there was no deception in the research and so the integrity of the study was intact during the memory and millionaire tests. Furthermore, all the participants were over 16 and so there was no need for the researcher to obtain parental consent for the study. Participants were also given the right to withdraw before and during the research, therefore the participants were not pressured to take part or complete the study if they were not comfortable with the terms of the research or what the data was being used for. However, there may be ethical issues regarding the wellbeing of the participants during the research as the study may have caused stress or anxiety in the participants when completing the memory or millionaire tests because they may feel the pressure to do well in each test, although the research was anonymous and so this may have reduced the amount of stress caused by the study. Scatter Graph for Data: The scatter graph shows that there is a weak negative correlation between memory test scores and millionaire test scores, which means that it does not necessrily prove our hypothesis that there will be a significant postive relationship between the two co variables. Therefore, the hypothesis needs to be rejected and the null hypothesis can be accepted as the null hypotehsis reflects what our results show on the scatter graph. The graph can also help identify outliers, as the partipant that scored significantly higher on the memory test and lower on this millionaire test could be regarded as an outlier as it does not follow the pattern of the other data found from the research. Evaluation: Design – the design that was used in this research was correlational, which is good as allows us to identify if there is a relationship between two co variables as well as allowing research to be conducted that cannot be done in a lab experiment as is would not be viable. However, correlational studies do not show cause and effect between the two co variables and so it cannot be stated that having a good memory will cause a person to become a millionaire in the future as it could just as easily be that being a millionaire causes a person to have a good memory. Sample – the sample that as used in this study was very small, as only 10 people took part in the research; also the participants were psychology students. Therefore due to the small sample and the specific type of participant the results may not be able to be generalised to the wider population. Furthermore, gender may have been an issue with the sample as there were only 2 males, whereas there were 8 females, therefore there was not an equal mix of each gender and so the results cannot be generalised. Tests – the tests that were used in the study were a memory test created by the researcher and an online questionnaire to predict that chance that the participants would have of becoming a millionaire. The memory test was good as it used standardised instructions, meaning that the test was more reliable as the same instructions were shown to all participants at the same time, which reduces the amount on researcher bias and means that participants can query any confusion they have. Moreover, the standardise instructions mean that there is high control in the research and so the results are reliable. The millionaire test may have had some issues as the closed questions that were used may have not provided an applicable answer, resulting in participants answering questions incorrectly which may have an effect on the results.

The law of the defences to actions for tortiously inflicted death and Essay

The law of the defences to actions for tortiously inflicted death and serious injury lacks any conceptual coherence. It would be - Essay Example However, legislation in respect of this has reduced the scope of such defences. A general analysis of the defences would be made and their effect in respect of what is required would be considered. Prior to the Law Reform (Contributory Negligence) Act 1945, contributory negligence of the Plaintiff would constitute to be a complete defence in respect of claims of negligence. The Act allows courts to allocate responsibility in respect of damage and attribute it accordingly between the defendant and claimant and then to apportion the claimant’s damages, thus making it a partial defence. Contributory Negligence is a defence which makes available a partial defence in respect of a claim in tort. The aspect of this defence is primarily concerned with the fact that the claimant was careless and this was a material cause in respect of the loss that he suffered. The defence therefore operates as a partial exclusion as to liability. The Act has simplified the law in respect of the defenc e. ... respect of the modern defence, that is, causation; concept of claimant’s fault; what is the position in respect of special elements in relation to certain claimants and how what they be accounted for; how the loss would be apportioned; and how the defence is to apply in respect of torts apart from negligence. The problem in respect of causation is the fact that the apportionment has to be made in accordance with the causation and takes into account the plaintiff’s carelessness as can be seen in McLew v. Holland and Hannen and Cubitts (Scotland) Ltd.1 whereby it was held that the plaintiff’s act was novus actus interveniens and therefore the chain of causation was broken. The last opportunity rule, even though, been discredited, was used in this case. However, the courts in Reeves v. Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis2 found that even though the deceased committed suicide, the causal link had not been broken. As far as the claimant’s fault is concern ed, there is no requirement of a duty of care being owed and the Act merely requires an act or omission and therefore torts, other than of negligence are also covered. After an evaluation of the contributory negligence that court would decrease the damages of the claimant ‘to such an extent as [it] thinks just and equitable having regard to [his] share in the responsibility for the damage’ (Law Reform (Contributory Negligence) Act 1945, s.1. The evaluation in respect of the deduction is therefore left at the discretion of the judges and an evaluation in this respect was made by Lord Denning in Davies v. Swan Motor Co.34 Damage in respect of Contributory Negligence include but is not limited to loss of life and personal injury. Thus it can apply to cases of pure economic loss as well. There have been

Journal from Reading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Journal from Reading - Essay Example It can also mean that the social worker, reviewing her clients’ affairs, comes to the conclusion that there is something structurally amiss at the workplace and that something must fundamentally change in the company’s organization if systematic absenteeism is to be further prevented. The aim is always to help clients to help themselves, to develop new prospects for the future or to simply accept a reality that is difficult to alter.† (p. 141) In order for a social worker to be successful in her career, her broad knowledge of various organizational and networking systems that provide support and services to their clients must be matched with her own vast understanding of how a person’s mind and emotions operate especially in times of crisis. Most of the time, counseling sessions are conducted with her client, or members of her client’s family. Here, the social worker’s communication skills are put to the test. â€Å"In conversations with the professional, clients speak out about their pains and sorrows, and about their hope and beliefs.† (Van Nijnatten, 2006, p.133) It becomes an avenue where both the social worker and the client brainstorm on ways to express these emotions so they construct new meanings and new perspectives. Coming from an objective frame of mind, the social worker helps the client distance himself to the concern at hand and explains that such overwhelming emotions that the cl ient is undergoing are normal and can cite cases of others who have survived through the same. Then ways to resolve the problem are discussed. In my current studies in Social Work, I realized that various clinical approaches have been developed by renowned psychologists and the social worker has a plethora of choices to use in a particular casework. One is the Task-Centered Model. In this model, the client is expected to carry out some tasks

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Life of an American Slave in Early American History - Essay Example Early American slaves were native Indians and a few exported from West Indies. During the later part of slavery, slaves were imported from the African continent in large numbers. The life of slaves was really pathetic. Atrocious behavior of the elite people made their life even worse. Slaves were put to work in the most heinous conditions in the plantations and domestic premises. The situation of slaves who worked in the plantations was really pitiable. They were not as educated or sophisticated as the domestic slaves. Domestic slaves were mostly women. Most of the men worked in plantations. Domestic slaves were well aware of the happenings in the whole household. They also had deep knowledge in the happenings in the political area. Majority of the slaves were concentrated in the upper south area. The native Indian slaves and the African American slaves tried to reconstruct their lost culture in America. This resulted and contributed in the development of the famous American culture that is unique with its racial diversity and ethnicity. This ethnic culture was later termed as popular culture. Slangs were introduced to the language and literature by the African slaves and their descendants. This enriched the literature and gave it a fresh outlook with more depth and broadness. Music was the passion of American slaves and they saw music as a source of entertainment and relaxation. Besides, they perceived music as a means of an outcry of the hurt feelings. Jazz music was introduced into the field of music by the slaves. Thus, the contribution made by the slaves to augment the modern American culture was enormous. The contribution of American leaders to develop and unify a culture that enjoyed wide diversity in religion and ethnicity is praiseworthy. Along with the struggle for freedom and emancipation of slavery movement, the American leaders also succeeded in building up a nation with multitude races that were unified and distinct from the rest of the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Eve Kornfeld through the book, â€Å"Creating an American Culture† (Kornfeld par. 1) tries to expose the efforts made by the eminent leaders like Noah Webster, Benjamin Rush, Judith Sargent Murray, David Ramsay, Mercy Otis Warren and other intellectuals to develop an inimitable national literature that integrated a nation and reconstructed the concept of an exclusive nationhood. Most Americans have a static vision of slavery that existed in America. When we talk about slavery, the

Management of Human Resources Individual work wk4 Assignment

Management of Human Resources Individual work wk4 - Assignment Example First is the economic globalization where there is increased global marketplace for products. Therefore, organizations should emphasize on innovating new products as well as employ people who are highly skilled and knowledgeable for most businesses are operating globally. Secondly, there is a shortage of skilled labor and talented employees worldwide therefore through information technology it is possible to employ a global workforce thus making it possible to operate globally therefore should be embraced. Thirdly, different countries have different cultures therefore for those firms that operate in more than one country, it is important to adapt the local cultures of each country. Lastly, the business strategies of an organization describe the ways these organizations plan to gain advantage and stay ahead of the competitors. Organizations should ensure that they produce goods of high quality, constantly innovating, providing the best services to customers and keeping costs low. Thes e changes will be incremental as the business world is developing very fast and organizations need to keep up with the speed to beat competition. The HR policies will be affected greatly by the changes. This is because of the fact that they will need to recruit new staff who are skilled as well as train those already in the business it will be costly but worthwhile. I addition, the performance of most organizations will also go up because organizations will be using up to date technology and skilled workers. The consequences include an expensive work force who will be asking for bigger pay for the services they offer as well as the business will grow due to the good performance of the skilled employees. Some of the advantages of using employee surveys to assess progress toward HR objectives include the ability to survey a large number of employees at the same time as well as getting honest and ample feedback. In addition,

Disscuss odyssey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Disscuss odyssey - Essay Example 27). Several examples of father/son relationships are provided, including those of Odysseus and Telemachus, Laertes and Odysseus, Poseidon and Polyphemus, Nestor and Pisistratus, and Eupithes and Antinous. Through these relationships, Homer portrays the idea of continuity between generations as traits of the fathers are carried forward and reflected or as they are rejected and refused in the sons. By tracing the relationships between fathers and sons as they relate to Odysseus and Telemachus and each other, Homer shows not only how the strength of family can overcome seemingly insurmountable outcomes, but also how the continuity of traits and characteristics between generations can help a family succeed or bring it to ruin. Odysseus and Telemachus have an absent relationship despite the fact that they are father and son, yet the traits of the father can still be recognized in the activities and thoughts of the son. Because Odysseus embodies the values of hospitality, good manners, loyalty, intelligence and patience, the reader should be able to see these traits in his son. However, having not had his father’s influence, Telemachus instead demonstrates an inability to manage his houseguests and an awkwardness in cultured manners when he arrives in Pylos at the beginning of the tale, aspects of his character that take the goddess Athena by surprise when she decides to send him on a hero’s quest. â€Å"Although the goddess is at once impressed by Telemachus’ physical resemblance to his famous father, his insecurity is such that he is even unsure of his own identity and never refers to his father by name† (Clarke, 1967, p. 32). His contacts with first Nestor and then Menelaus pr ovide him with the examples he needs of a healthy father/son relationship as well as the example these leaders set in being a â€Å"father figure† to their